Roofing fabric



(No Model.)

I'. W. GOOLBAUGH 8v N. M. GOODLETT, Jr.. ROQHNG FABRIC.

No. 539,767. Patented Mayy 21, 1895.

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4UNITED STATES ATENT OFFICE.

FRANK W. OOOLBAUGH, OF EAST ORANGE, AND NICHOLAS M. GOODLETT,

JR., OE ORANGE, NEW JERSEY.

ROOFING FABRIC.

SPECIFICATIO forming part of Letters Patent No. 539,767, dated May 21, 1895.

Y Application filed T une 23, 1894. Serial No. 515,459- (No specimensl) To all whom t may concern,.-

Be V-it known that we, FRANK W. COOL- BAUGH, residing at East Orange, and NICHO- LAS M.` GOODLETT, J r., residing at Oran ge, New Jersey, citizens of the United States, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Roong Fabrics, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to protecting fabrics primarily designed for roofing and similar purposes.

The principal object of the invention is to provide a cheap, durable, flexible fabric, imperi/'ions to moisture and capable of resisting eat.

The invention consists of a cloth made of wire and fibrous material united with asphaltum.

In the accompanying drawings, in which like letters designate corresponding parts, Figure l is a plan View ofa fabric embodying the invention, parts being broken away. Fig;

. 2 is avertical sectional elevation of the fabric. representing a modification.

In making roofing fabrics heretofore it has been proposed to embed a fibrous fabric in asphaltum and to imite to the fibrous fabric and asphaltum a netting of wire. In these fabrics there has been no way of securely attaching the wire to the asphaltum except the imperfect adhesion of the asphaltum to the wire, and the asphaltum was therefore always liable to split, crack or peel off. Moreover, in order to give the fabric the required strength furnished by the wire netting it has also been proposed to employ a woven fibrous fabric because the asphaltum would not adhere to the wire with sufficient firmness and in sufficient quantities. Thus `two complete woven fabrics, one of wire and the other of fibrous material were essential in the production of a roofing fabric of the requisitestrength and efficiency.

In accordance with the present invention one woven fabric is entirely dispensed with, the one employed being made up of part wire and part fibrous material. The asphaltum when combined with this fabric takes firm hold of the fibrous material and the fibrous material being itself united firmly, as by Fig. 3 is a similar view to Fig. l and weaving, to the wire strands, the asphaltum it is seen is bound closer to the wire and is not dependent for its adherence to the wire upon the weak adhesion of asphaltum to the wire. In other words, the asphaltum by adhesion clings to the fibrous strands; the fibrous strands are united as by weaving to the wire; and the asphaltum is-therefore boundiirmly and in sufficient quantities to the wire. 'It will therefore be seen that in this invention a step in advance has been taken in the art of making asphaltum rooting fabrics, the new fabric being not only strongerbut being also lighter and less expensive, dueto theomissionof a second woven fabric.

The cloth A, as shown in Figs. l/and 2, is woven of strands of fibrous materiala and b, running in opposite directions and wire strands c and d running in the samedirection as the strands a and b respectively. The strands of wire c may, if desired; be omitted as shown in Fig. 3. The fibrous strands are shown as woven rather closely together and the wire strands much farther apart, about five or six to the inch. The wire strands and fibrous material may, however, be woven or otherwise united in the form of a cloth in any suitable proportion and in any suitable manner.' The wire strands might outnumber the brous strands and the strands in one direction might be all fibrous or partly fibrous and partly wire, and the strands in the other direction might be all wire or partly /wire and partly fibrous. Moreover short tufts of fibrous material might be used in lieu of long fibrous strands. So long as there is a substantial amount of fibrous material com-V bined with the wire in the form of` acloth our purpose will be subserved. We prefer, however, to employ loosely twisted strands of jute as the form of fibrous material to be made up with thef wire into cloth. After this cloth is inished,fit is combined in any suitable manner with the asphaltumB.

The asphaltum, whentcombined with the cloth, should be applied in plastic condition and the cloth could be passed througha vat containing the asphaltum, passing thence between rollers to smooth and press the asphaltum into more intimate relation with the cloth. The wire by itself as has been ascertained by ICO experiments, is not capable of ysecurely retaining a sufficient amount of the asphaltum owing to the peculiar properties of asphaltum, but the fibrous material of the cloth takes firm hold of the asphaltum and binds it securely to the cloth, thus making a compact and homogeneous structure and it vis only necessary to employ a sufficient amount of fibrous material to effect this result, although of course more might be used.

If our piotecting fabric is to be employed Where it will be subject to abrasion or laceration, it will be desirable to provide its upper surface With a coating or armor. This armor may be applied in any convenient manner and may consist of pebbles, sand, slag or other suitable granular material G. We preferebly employ Zinc slag. One wey ,ef applying the armor is by spreading it over the surface ,ef .the .eepheltnrn B While the latter is in e plastic state. The armor then sinks partly into the asphaltnrn and when the latter hardens the armor is retained firmly in place and affords a durable protecting coating. rlhe granular materiel might be applied by mixing it first with the esphnltunn end then npplyns both at the same time to the cloth.

In crder te keep the lewer Surface cf enr fabric clean end enicetb end prevent it stieking to the hands of the Workmen and whatever else may come in contact with it, We preferablyceet the under eide ef the Afebrie with a layer of paper D. In our preferred i ferne the eleth is embedded in tlie eepbeltnln B, ce ,Shown in. the drawings,-

This fabric is tough, durable, pliable and mcy be eeyand cheaply Inede- It be necked in telle and when Spreed cnt quickly conferme itself te tbe underlying Surface, and dees net Werp, Split or curl nplt Vhee heretofore been prcpeeed te ineke Waterproof fabric fcr cletliins by first ecetins Seperate .Strands er Wire with suine puede ef gutta percha,india,rubber, or shellac. Then after the anni contines beve dried cn the Wires, Weaving these snlnceeted Wire Strands with fibrous strands so as to form a cloth, and, lastly, passing this cloth between hot rollers to rnelt the gum and canse it to adhere to the brens StrendS- Snell e febric is ef cenree quite distinct frein enr inycntien- The cent.- ings on the separate Wire strands have no difficulty in vadhering te the Wire end the preblern solved by our invention does not therefore arise.l It would be impractical if not impossible to coat separate Wire strands with espheltcrn and then. Weave their inte eeletb because tbe eepheltnln would vsplit eff freni the Wirestrands in the process of Weaving. It is of course old to construct Walls or partitions in buildings of heavy Wire Woven in coarse meshes `with acoating of plaster applied thereto on one side, the plaster passing through the meshes. When the plaster hardened it remained in contact With the Wire by means of that part of the plaster which spread en the rear side and formed small heads, these heads operating as keys for the entire mass. It has been objected that more of the plaster passed through to the rear side to form these heads than was essential to key the mass in place, and it has been proposed to save part of the plaster thus unnecessarily employed by laying along one or both sides of .the'heavy Wire netting a netting having a finer mesh or meshes in reduction of area of the coarse meshes so that less of the plaster should pass through the coarse meshes. Instead cf usine e Seperate librerie fabric bavins line .meshes it bee been fnrtberprepcsed to Weave fibrous strands in among the Gentse Wire meshes so as to make fine meshes.

The plaster in uniting itself to the Wire netting, even where fibrous strands are Woven in among the meshes of the Wire netting, does so by reason of the fact that portions of the plaster pass through to the rear side of the netting and by spreading so as to form heads and hardening, key the entire mass in place, just as the head of a rivet holds two plates of iron together. The plaster does not remain in place by reason of its adhesion to the Wire nor by reason of its adhesion to the fibrous material, but solely by reason of the plaster heads, operating as the heads of rivets.

In our fabric the fibrous strands are firmly secured to the Wire netting and also firmly adhere to the asphaltum, and the asphalturn must therefore necessarily be bound to the Wire netting, and is of lcourse quite distinct from this plaster Wall.

What We claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. A flexible protecting fabric composed of strands of wire and strands of fibrous material united together in the form of a cloth and a coating o fasphaltum adhering to and embedding the cloth, substantially as set forth.

2. A flexible protecting fabric composed of strands of Wire and strands of fibrous material united together in the form of a cloth and a coating of asphaltum adhering to and ernbedding the cloth, the asphaltum being armor coated on its upper surface, substantially as set forth.

FRANK W'. COOLBAUGl-I. NICHOLAS M. GOODLETT, JR. TWitnesses:

FRANoEs BLAsooEn, F. S. BRUEN.

ICO 

